Do you know Robert Sternberg's
Triangular Theory of Love?
He said that love consists of three different elements:
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intimacy (feelings of (mental) closeness, connectedness)
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passion (physical attraction and sexual consummation)
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commitment (in the short term, the decision to remain with another, and in the long term, the shared achievements and plans made with that other).
The type of love one experiences depends on how present the elements are in a relationship. That means that there are actually seven types of love:
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nonlove: absence of all three components of love
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liking (friendship): intimacy
Intimate liking characterizes true friendships, in which a person feels a bondedness, a warmth, and a closeness with another but not intense passion or long-term commitment.
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infatuated love: passion
Romantic relationships often start out as infatuated love and become romantic love as intimacy develops over time. However, without developing intimacy or commitment, infatuated love may disappear suddenly.
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empty love: commitment
Sometimes, a stronger love deteriorates into empty love. In cultures in which arranged marriages are common, relationships often begin as empty love and develop into one of the other forms with the passing of time.
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romantic love: intimacy + passion
It bonds individuals emotionally through intimacy and physically through passionate arousal.
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companionate love: intimacy + commitment
It is an intimate, non-passionate type of love that is stronger than friendship because of the element of long-term commitment. Sexual desire is not an element of companionate love. This type of love is often found in marriages in which the passion has gone out of the relationship but a deep affection and commitment remain. The love ideally shared between family members is a form of companionate love, as is the love between close friends who have a platonic but strong friendship.
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fatuous love: passion + commitment
It can be exemplified by a whirlwind courtship and marriage in which a commitment is motivated largely by passion without the stabilizing influence of intimacy.
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consummate love: intimacy + passion + commitment
It is the complete form of love, representing an "ideal" relationship toward which most people strive. Maintaining a consummate love may be even harder than achieving it. Thus, consummate love may not be permanent. If passion is lost over time, it may change into companionate love.
I really like Sternberg's theory because it is simple, easy to understand, and it is useful to explain the most important changes in the experience of love over time.
People may start with feeling physically attracted and having sex (infatuated love). After a while, they may get to know each other better and notice that there is also intimacy between them (romantic love). Then, if they decide to remain with another, consummate love can develop. After many years spent together, there may develop a lack of passion. The consummate love changes into a companionate love.
It also helps to identify possible reasons why people are unhappy in a relationship.
Please notice that consummate love is not necessarily the best or most desirable type of love. It depends on what partners expect for themselves and from one another.