Cabaret
Happy Birthday
Liza Minnelli
What better way to celebrate than to remember her best film.
If there was one thing that should have been obvious to Hollywood by 1971, it was that the age of musicals was over.
Camelot,
Finian's Rainbow,
Half a Sixpence,
Song of Norway,
Darling Lili,
Hello, Dolly,
On a Clear Day You Can See Forever,
Sweet Charity - they all lost millions. MGM, Warner Brothers and 20th Century Fox all had to sell big portions of their studio properties just to stay in business.
But
Cy Fuerer and
Martin Baum owned the film rights to the 1967 Broadway musical
Cabaret and they thought it would make a great film. Unlike every other musical put on film, this story had grit, sex, and politics - all things that were the hallmarks of the New Hollywood of
Easy Rider and
Bonnie and Clyde. But every studio turned them down.
So, like the moguls of old they raised the money and produced it themselves. Cy Fuerer fought hard to get
Bob Fosse as director, despite the sad returns from his previous musical (
Sweet Charity).
Songwriters
Kander & Ebb agreed to cuts in the score and providing some new material
if the producers would cast
Liza Minnelli, for whom they had originally written the show. (Broadway producer Hal Prince didn't think Liza would be convincing as a British girl, so he cast someone else in New York.) The movie solved that by making the character American. Anyway Liza was now a rising star, so the financial people were thrilled to have her. British actor
Michael York was signed and
Joel Grey was the only member of the original Broadway cast hired.
One of Fosse's key collaborators was British cinematographer
Geoffery Unsworth (
2001: A Space Odyssey,
Superman). Take a look at the preview below and see what Unsworth can do with film that is not possible with digital cameras.
Pre-production was tough.
Jay Presson Allen was hired to write the screenplay, but Fosse wanted the metaphor of the tawdry Kit Kat Club to be moved from the background to the foreground and had no patience for secondary characters that didn't fit the theme. He eventually gave up on Allen and instead called
Hugh Wheeler (
Little Night Music,
Sweeney Todd) to come over and restructure the screenplay uncredited.
The film was shot completely in West Germany. Fosse said it was for authenticity, but it was also to keep the producers at bay. When Sally's costumes arrived he hated them all, so Liza Minnelli and Fosse's wife
Gwen Verdon scoured second-hand shops in Berlin for the pieces Minnelli wears in the film.
They created a new genre: the New Hollywood Musical. The film doesn't rely on a singing chorus (though they are there in one scene) or characters breaking in to song. If you don't like musicals, you can forget that it is a musical - all the singing takes place on stage. And Fosse is so deft at cutting between the stage and real life that one comments on the other.
Cabaret is probably the most game changing film in the musical genre since
The Wizard of Oz. (No, the irony of mother and daughter carrying these two bookend films isn't lost here.)
1973 was Bob Fosse's year. He won the Oscar for directing
Cabaret, the Tony for directing
Pippin, and the Emmy for directing
Liza with a Z.
And Liza took home awards for two of those projects as well. Everyone saw her as the new musical star for the 1970s. Even Streisand was threatened and got Kander & Ebb and Jay Presson Allen on the phone to write her new musical
Funny Lady.
In hindsight, we can see that it didn't quite work out that way. The truth was, the 1970's didn't really need a film musical superstar - they just weren't making that many of them. And when they did, John Travolta and Olivia Newton John would do in a pinch. Liza had a career, though not the one she really deserved.
But she still shocks us with those green fingernails and "divine decadence" every time we watch her big movie.